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The effect of boundary conditions, constraint strain or constraint stress, has been discussed.
Solutions concerning strain rate, constraint stress and coating densification are obtained.
We induced prenatal stress by exposing gestating dams to a daily constraint stress during the last week of pregnancy.
Meanwhile, the constraint stress during the aging process leads to preferred orientation of Ni4Ti3 precipitates according to the stress states in different regions of the alloy.
The decrease of coating hardness could decrease constraint stress, and hence decrease the shear stress at the interface, which resulted in higher critical load.
Almost complete strength recovery is obtained with 100% lateral confinement, 12 MPa axial constraint stress, and 60 min of heating time.
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The latter affects the shape recovery strain through strengthening the matrix thus reducing the martensite strain which is more predominant under low constraint stresses.
Cracks are easily observed in glulam bolted joints due to the high moisture transport rate in the area and constraint stresses caused by the presence of steel fasteners.
Both theoretical analysis and experimental evidence indicate that the coating density increases while constraint stresses decrease with an increase in the distance from the bonded interface.
As the fracture mechanical approach is limited to sharp cracks in the material (high-constraint stress state) the present damage mechanics approach is regarded as important as a more general concept closer to reality.
This combination is able to achieve optimal topologies and shapes for cable trusses under various constraints: stress, displacement, stability.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com