Sentence examples for constraint on the trait from inspiring English sources
However, given these assumptions, natural selection is assumed to act without constraint on the trait.
However, interestingly, some behavioral ecologists have claimed that they do not use optimality models to test whether or not natural selection is acting on a trait, but instead assume the operation of natural selection in order to test hypotheses about the conditions and constraints acting on the trait (Parker and Maynard Smith, 1990).
Since evolutionary branching is also found when immigration evolves alone, the present study is adding coevolutionary constraints on the emigration traits and hence finds that the coevolution of a higher dimensional trait sometimes hinders evolutionary diversification.
This indirect negatively pleiotropic relationship could therefore act as a constraint on the evolution of both traits in the two sexes.
If selection on the trait does become sex-specific, then the trait enters the second stage, where constraints in the genetic architecture of the trait may prevent it from becoming sexually dimorphic.
Such constraint on g induces a constraint on the function w.
The relative flexibility constraint on the inter-block gaps is an anti-monotonic constraint.
The phylogenetic signal in leaf economic traits indicates that closely related species tend to have similar trait values due to shared ancestry and this trait similarity decreases as the phylogenetic distance between species increases, reflecting the genetic constraints on trait evolution (Penuelas et al. 2010; Walls 2011; Kamilar and Cooper 2013).
Language Family, though more of a phylogenetic marker than a cultural trait because of the extremely conservative inheritance of language, is expected to reflect the constraints on cultural traits that are inherited vertically, from parents to offspring, rather than horizontally, within a generation.
The importance of continuity in tree-tree interactions therefore imposes significant constraints on the generality of crown traits as radial growth determinants in beech forests.
