Constraint on charging demand of each EV is rho sumlimits_{{t = t_{ms} }}^{{t_{me} }} {P_{m,t} } = E_{m}^{cap} - E_{m}^{ini} (13)in which, (rho) is the charging efficiency, (E_{m}^{ini}), (E_{m}^{cap}) is the initial energy and the battery capacity of the (m^{th}) EV respectively.
Constraint on charging power of each EV is 0 le P_{m,t} le P_{m,hbox{max} } (12 in which, (P_{m,t}), (P_{m,hbox{max} }) is the charging power and its maximum of the (m^{th}) EV at time (t) respectively.
The objective is to minimize Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) under multiple constraints including a limited agency budget, accessibility of charging stations in every possible charging request and charging demands during peak hours.
Number of charging batteries at different state constraint.
{displaystyle sum_{i=1}^{T_{ch}}{n}_t^i+{n}_t^{di}}le {n}^{mathrm{charge}} (16) 7) Number of charging batteries at different state constraint .
This framework aims to provide charging strategies, i.e. the choice of charging station and the amount of charged energy, by considering constraints from personal daily itineraries and existing charging infrastructure.
Since the binding site of the DV E protein is hydrophobic, we set the electrostatic constraint, based on the upper bound number of charged atoms, to 0 and the hydrophilic constraint, based on the upper bound fraction of polar atoms, to 0.3 (equation 4 in Materials and Methods) to reduce the effects of GEMDOCK bias toward charged polar compounds.
Consequently, we can infer that, this providing the constraint of the charge provided by the BS.
This paper focuses on the evaluation of the effect of the engineering constraints on the required limitation of charged particle heat load.
In order to protect the hybrid power source, the designed EMPC systems maintain operation of the hybrid power source within specified constraints, namely, battery and ultracapacitor current constraints, battery state of charge constraints and ultracapacitor voltage constraints.
