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Variant conversion and detwinning processes that influenced the intergranular constraint occurred even at stresses where the macroscopic stress strain response appeared linear.
For those taxa that still contain matK, we investigated whether or not significant changes in selective constraint occurred on branches where intron loss has occurred.
In the 2 marmosets the loss of constraint occurred in their common ancestor for TAAR3 and TAAR4 but inactivating mutations occurred and became fixed before or after the lineage split.
However, for individual branches it is in principle still possible that the loss of constraint occurred very recently, and that while missense mutations led to a change or loss of functionality as demonstrated in other GPCR [35], ORF disruptions have by chance not yet occurred.
To determine whether the relaxation of functional constraint occurred before or after the radiation of extant whales, we estimated the ω ratios of Calhm1 in whales using a likelihood approach.
To determine whether the relaxation of functional constraint occurred along the ancestral lineage of whales, we conducted a series of selection tests on Trpm5 and Plcβ2 that are similar to those on Calhm1 (table 1) using phylogenetic trees as shown in supplementary fig. S1 C (Trpm5) and D (Plcβ2), Supplementary Material online.
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Once the zinc crystal orientations have homogenized, standard surface roughening due to adjacent grain constraint occurs.
A blocking constraint models the absence of storage capacity between machines, while a no-wait constraint occurs when two consecutive operations in a job must be processed without any interruption.
Loss of constraint occurs for the single-edged bending (SEB) specimen with deep crack and thus raises the question whether the SEB specimen is proper to be used to obtain material toughness.
In order to restrict spherical rotation to two degrees of freedom, we restrict the kinematics to obey Listing's law, a well-known constraint occurring in human eye movement.
Evaluation of this constraint occurs at the beginning of each 5-year management period.
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