To test this hypothesis, we compared the fit of the free-ratio model plotted in figure 1 to a model in which all microsporidian lineages were constrained to evolve under the same gain loss ratio.
The relationship is investigated between a one-dimensional potential and a track in a vertical plane along which a bead is constrained to slide freely under the influence of gravity, such that the motion of the bead, projected onto the horizontal axis, is exactly the same as (i.e., is isodynamical to) the one-dimensional oscillatory motion due to the potential.
The correspondence is found between a track in a vertical plane along which a bead is constrained to slide freely under the influence of gravity, and a one-dimensional potential, such that the motion due to the potential is exactly the same as (i.e., is isodynamical to) the motion of the bead, projected onto the horizontal axis.
This variable can be further constrained to explore phenotypic changes under perturbed conditions such as attenuation or intensification in the metabolic network.
Camillus, being the third time chosen dictator, and learning that the army under the tribunes was besieged by the Latins and Volscians, was constrained to arm, not only those under, but also those over, the age of service; and taking a large circuit round the mountain Maecius, undiscovered by the enemy, lodged his army on their rear, and then by many fires gave notice of his arrival.
denotes the ideal AFC solution when is constrained to be block-diagonal and under the assumption (43).
The authors say that evolution of the genotype is "constrained" to follow certain paths deterministically under selection for the ancestral function, and they say that Harms et al. "showed that the evolution of hormone receptors is similarly constrained by functional requirements imposed on the binding pocket".
To avoid the situation where the parameters in the model are under-determined, Q is constrained to be equal or smaller than J - 1.
Topics such as mating constraints, degrees of freedom (DOFs), and fully constrained vs under-constrained assemblies are included.
Recent research [ 32] contends that the capacity for people with dementia to be involved in decisions is constrained by under-recognition of their agency.
AP stability after both reconstructions presented statistical homogeneity with the ACL-intact knee according to the Wilcoxon test (p = 0.311), even if horizontal tunnel tended to over-constrain (3.6 mm – median value) and vertical tunnel to under-constrain (4.4 mm – median value) the anterior drawer test with respect to the normal knee (4 mm – median value – See Table 1 and Fig. 5).
