Exact(10)
Because of the simplicity of the motion model, interval constraints could be used and the constrained estimate could be obtained in one step.
If finally no node is found within the sphere, the ID constrained estimate is taken as the solution (bar {mathbf {S}}), as expressed in the equality below: {tilde{mathbf{S}}_{{mathbf{ID - FSD}}}} = bar{mathbf{S}} (15).
The constrained estimate can be written as tilde{mathbf{x}}_{k} = text{argmin}_{mathbf{x}}(mathbf{x} - hat{mathbf{x}}_{k})^{mathrm{T}}mathbf{W}(mathbf{x} - hat{mathbf{x}}_{k}), mathrm{s.t.} boldsymbol{Psi}_{k}mathbf{x} leq boldsymbol{beta}_{k}, (6).
An estimate tightly constrained around 8 My was obtained for the age of the rearranged sex chromosomes in the melanica group; however, a more loosely constrained estimate of 10 15 My was obtained for the age of the rearrangement in the robusta group.
In review: Skeie et al. A lower and more constrained estimate of climate sensitivity using updated observations and detailed radiative forcing time series, In review in Journal of Climate.
The initial radius equals the distance between the sphere center and the initial constrained estimate (bar {mathbf {S}}).
Similar(50)
Our analysis shows that better constraints on entrainment coefficients for volcanic plumes and more precise observations of plume height are required to obtain tightly constrained estimates of the source mass flux.
In the future, the modeling framework presented here could be used to evaluate different sampling designs based on how well they constrain estimate uncertainty.
Stable isotope mass balance modeling and measurement techniques provide new approaches to constraining estimates of denitrification integrated over several temporal and spatial scales.
Groundwater age tracers are often measured to help constrain estimates of groundwater recharge, especially in arid environments where other methods are unsuitable.
Contrasts of this magnitude are often exceeded in alluvial environments and thus simultaneous measurement of solute and pressure has the potential to constrain estimates of exchange flux in a way not possible with pressure measurements alone.
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