Firstly, a friction constrained desired model is presented for the model-following control.
Utopias, for all their promise of freedom, turn out to be extraordinarily rigid places, full of rules and demarcations -- attempts to dissolve or constrain desire, greed, envy or other human frailties.
A central controller produces, via pattern generators, reference signals that are the desired constrained position and velocity trajectories, and the desired constraint forces.
The reason for this decline is that Republicans in Congress have successfully constrained Mr. Obama's desire to spend more.
Mr. Axelrod said business groups were constrained by their desire to win the support of House freshmen on other issues, including the trade agreements and efforts to roll back regulation.
Unless central banks tighten their grip soon, inflationary expectations could surge.Central banks' monetary independence is also severely constrained by governments' desire to hold down currencies at a time when international capital is highly mobile a problem the developed world did not face three decades ago.
Thus the behaviour of doctors would be determined by the trade-off of utility gains and losses, and the motivation for doctors to provide unnecessary care would be constrained by their desire for leisure and for ethical behaviour.
As soon as something is introduced to constrain the desires that qualify as value conferring, it looks as though another value is operating.
If the answer is that there is something constraining the desires that count as value conferring, then of course the question is, 'what?' Is it the values of the things desired?
However, it is not entirely clear that a view like Griffin's is genuinely monist at the foundational level: the question arises, what is constraining the desires that qualify as value conferring?
The condition constrains the desired supertree S* to contain only clades from the input gene trees and certain combinations of them.
