The stoichiometry of surface complexes is further constrained by requiring the formation of some tetradentate complexes because strontium was found to bond to four surface oxygens on rutile with X-ray standing wave spectroscopy [27].
In a semiclassical view, the movement of the carriers is constrained by the potential, which prevents the formation of cyclotron orbits.
The geometry of the formation is constrained by the interactive distance between EG03 and EG04, EG03 and EG05, EG04 and EG05 which are 10 km, 7 km and 10 km, respectively.
The further expansion of graphene is constrained by the 3C SiC crystallites, leading to the formation of curved graphene layers, i.e. onion-like or bowl-shaped graphene-based carbon.
The age of the Las Leoneras Formation is certainly constrained by the Middle Jurassic dating of the volcanic facies of the overlying Lonco Trapial Formation [31], [34], [35].
Plume migration is constrained by the permeability structure of the storage formation by physical (structural and stratigraphic) trapping, in much the same manner that oil or gas are found in structural traps.
For example, in a three-agent group, G3, the pattern formation is essentially constrained by the geometry, and only egalitarian triads, leadership dyads and dyads are observed.
The design of the target orbit is driven by the minimisation of disturbances to the spacecraft formation, and is constrained by the rather low Δv capability of the spacecraft of less than 100ms−1 as well as the characteristics of the selected launch vehicle.
Because the slab age is comparable in the Yokonami mélange and the Miyama formation, the temperature range of the ductile-brittle transition zone is constrained by the data from the Yokonami mélange and the Miyama formation.
The formation ages of mare ridges are constrained by the depositional ages of mare basalts, which are either deformed or dammed by the ridges.
