According to Theorem 1, equal weighting is not constrained to unity.
Concentration response curves were fitted to a sigmoidal function with Hill slope constrained to unity to obtain pEC50 and maximum responses (Emax) values.
Binding data were analysed by non-linear regression to fit theoretical Langmuir binding isotherms (with Hill slopes constrained to unity) to the experimental data using PRISM Graphpad Software Inc ... Ki values were calculated from IC50 values using the Cheng Prusoff equation to correct for radioligand occupancy [ 21].
The potentiation factor is a positive function of time and is constrained to average unity during the experiment (9).
The resulting Schild plot obtained from these data is shown in Figure 3C, and a linear fit of the data points with the slope constrained to be unity gave a KB value of 2.06 ± 0.17 µM.
The dose response function is modulated by a potentiation factor encompassing several potentiating mechanisms (e.g. prolonged exposure to hyperglycaemia, non-glucose substrates, gastrointestinal hormones and neural modulation), which is set to be a positive function of time and is constrained to average unity during the experiment.
In the refinement model the occupancies of the pairs of N2 and N2A, O3 and O3A, O4 and O4A, were constrained to sum to unity, and for each pair the displacement parameters were constrained to be the same.
While CEM δ exists in the constraint of the CMOE detector, the response of the interest signal is no longer constrained to be of unity.
The ratio dN/dS is commonly used as an indicator of variable evolutionary pressures among protein-coding genes: Low ratios are typical of highly constrained sequences, whereas values close to unity reflect relaxed selection and ratio above unity, positive selection.
As an explicit test for a genotype by-breeding experience interaction we compared the likelihood of this model to one in which rG was set to unity and VA was constrained to be constant across experience classes.
The population density function of y is expressed as where ϖ=(ϖ 1,... ,ϖ l are the mixture proportions which are constrained to be non-negative and sum to unity; φ=(φ 1,... ,φ l) are the genotype-specific parameters, with φ 1 being specific to genotype group 1; and h is a parameter which is common to all genotype groups.
