Both India and Africa are crowded with monopolies and restrictive practices.Many Westerners have reacted to recession by seeking to constrain markets and roll globalisation back in their own countries, and they want to export these ideas to the developing world, too.
This is consistent with the understanding of the term 'neoliberalism' as an economic and political doctrine that advocates privatizing and reducing government spending on public services, removing regulations that constrain markets and eliminating trade tariffs in order to promote economic growth (Harvey 2005; Alkon and Mares 2012).
At the urging of Senator Bob Corker, Republican of Tennessee, Mr. Volcker clarified that he never intended the rule to constrain market-making.
With small landholdings, constrained markets for their products, and an overdependence on subsidies for power and fertilizer, India's farmers were ill equipped to compete when the national government undertook economic reforms in 1991.
As we have already seen with energy, water and railways, privatisation of "natural monopolies" means higher prices and/or lower quality services, unless regulation severely constrains market forces, as it does in countries such as Japan.
In law, as in other fields with no constraining market to answer to, schools tend to reflect the intellectual and ideological preferences of the faculties at the standard-setting schools, and their quasi-governmental powers are rarely noted.
In an emissions constrained market, if a coal plant operates to minimize overall system emissions while producing electric power at suboptimal plant efficiency levels, a discussion over the assignment of emissions penalties may provide incentives to generate differently in order to accommodate greater system-wide emissions mitigation milestones.
She said she did not expect much change in Europe because "the challenging debt market conditions continue to constrain the market".
Fresh from having declined to constrain money market funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission has moved to loosen marketing constraints on hedge funds.
DealBook » Pruning Hedge Fund Regulation Without Cultivating Better Rules | Fresh from having declined to constrain money market funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission has moved to loosen marketing constraints on hedge funds, writes Jesse Eisinger in The Trade.
Moral judgment about a product that satisfies the customer is seen to be bad form, an attempt to constrain a market – or an inheritance – that should ideally be, in every sense, unregulated.
