As a result of an extraordinary level of pneumatization, as well as the excellent state of preservation of much of the axial column and girdles, Aerosteon helps to constrain hypotheses for the evolution of avian-style respiration.
These findings support those authors (Jamal et al. 1998; Guest et al. 2006; Pearson et al. 1994) who disagree with the "deprivation-constrains hypothesis", according to which being involved in multiple jobs negatively impacts individuals' quality of work life.
The model does not require any of the constraining hypotheses present in previously published ones.
Moreover, botanical, faunal, and geological evidence associated with very early fossil hominids in Ethiopia and Kenya intimate a forested environment, a discovery that clearly constrains hypotheses explaining the success of the bipedal adaptation.
But as predicted from an analysis of the effects of constraining hypotheses by evidence, the advantage for nominal groups declined when brainstorming took place late in the task where there was a large amount of accumulated evidence to consider.
In view of our anatomically constrained hypotheses regarding disease and drug effects, a study-specific RIFG region of interest (ROI) was built.
Instead, this study was a tightly constrained hypothesis-driven candidate gene approach, based on prior literature, which considered a set of 30 SNPs from the CNTNAP2 gene [matching those from Vernes et al. (2008)].
The position of the Type IIa-1 subfamily as monophyletic with either the Type IIb, IIa-2, and IIa-3 subfamilies was tested using positive topological constrains (hypotheses 3a, 3b, and 3c, respectively).
A more challenging adaptation of the Bayesian procedure would be the possibility to include equalities in the hypothesis (e.g. to find categorical tissue-specific genes) in a way that the procedure is efficient enough to deal with thousands of genes [see Klugkist and Hoijtink (2007) for a discussion of Bayes factors for equality and inequality constrained hypotheses].
As such it is tempting to speculate that our instructional manipulation acts to constrain the hypothesis space through the shaping of higher-order representations of the overall task structure in PFC, which ultimately influence the formation of memory representations of the linear hierarchy in the hippocampus.
