Young children are at greatest risk of being separated from their parents while moving among the huge crowds of people – often numbering in the thousands – that form at border crossings and reception centres, where the flow of people is constrained, creating congestion and chaos.
The index spiked dramatically in 2008 as China's imports of commodities soared at a time when the supply of ships was constrained and port congestion added to demand for capacity (see chart).
Studies have emphasized the critical impact of helicopter transport on trauma mortality rates, since the speed of ambulance transport is limited by road and weather conditions, and may also be constrained by traffic congestion.
While congestion can constrain mobility and reduce accessibility, traffic is also associated with agglomerations of activity and is thus a byproduct of proximity-based accessibility.
The results for the side constrained model are explained by congestion pricing and queue delay on links.
Due to the presence of traffic congestion, users are constrained to drive in limited or slow speed.
Increasing traffic volumes in the face of constrained resources has created peak congestion at specific locations and times in many areas of the world.
Therefore, the operation and planning of integrated electric and traffic systems is mainly constrained by traffic flows, traffic congestion levels, the road conditions and the potential to extend the road network, user behavior, weather conditions, and other factors [84, 85]. .
Fortunately there are only a handful of geometry templates which are commonly observed in molecular diagrams, for atoms in environments which are not constrained by rings or heavy congestion.
It should be noted that while motorways and public transit routes are likely to become jammed, not helped by the constraining geography in Auckland, the likelihood of such congestion on the waters of the Waitemata and Manukau Harbours is low.
