Our theoretical perspective helped ensure that we did not reduce the EHR to delivery, implementation and immediate use [ 53], but understand it as both cause and consequence of longer-term processes of changing, during which people and EHR came together to perform actions and tasks [ 56] as co-constitutive entities [ 43, 55].
The human body cannot be considered as an organic entity exclusively, because in doing so it leaves out the subjective production that implies, concerns and affects the body, which is equally constitutive of the subject and inherent to the body.
We have shown that, under the premise of a constitutive granularity of material entities, the current top-level categories of material entity of BFO are insufficient for developing domain ontologies that are consistent with the single inheritance policy.
First, if descriptions of theoretical entities are constitutive of the meaning of corresponding unary predicates, one must wonder what the common core of understanding is that adherents of successive theories share and whether there is such a core at all.
Assuming a constitutive granularity of material entities, with bona fide objects of coarser granularity being composed out of bona fide objects of finer granularity (e.g. cells out of molecules) (see Partitioning, Basic Formal Ontology, and Constitutive Granularity), rises another problem.
This follows directly from the constitutive granularity of material entities: an atom, for instance, can be (at a finer level) an object in its own right and (at a coarser level) a fiat object part of a molecule; and a molecule simultaneously an object, a fiat object part of a cell and a fiat object part of an organ.
The distinction between bona fide and fiat boundary is only absolute for a given particular level of object granularity (see also perspectivalism, e.g. [11]), but is granularity-dependent across different levels of object granularity, because otherwise we would have to part with the assumption of a constitutive granularity of material entities.
However, while the proposed extensions to BFO do justice to constitutively organized material entities, most biological material entities exhibit what is generally referred to as cumulative constitutive organization (e.g. [26], [28], [40], [41], see also somatic hierarchy sensu [42]).
Thus, being and non-being, or life and death, are equally constitutive of the existence of finite entities throughout the entire course of their generation and destruction.
Both lymphoma entities show a strong constitutive NF-kB activity.
Further, as protein complexes currently are not linked to any reference source, we would like to enable normalization of these entities, either to their constitutive genes or directly to protein complex databases.
