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IL-1β increased ENA-78 production by nearly 60-fold relative to constitutive concentrations (4075±296 pg/mg vs. 69±7 pg/mg; p<0.0001; Figure 5).
Phloem tissue of Manchurian ash was found to have high constitutive concentrations of phenolic-based hydroxycoumarins, phenylethanoids and calceloariosides, which may contribute to its resistance to A. planipennis [11].
Differences in constitutive concentrations of terpenes and phenols were evaluated by t-test assuming unequal variance.
The results of our analysis are in agreement with those of our earlier investigation of soluble polyphenols performed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which showed higher constitutive concentrations of some quercetin 3-glycosides and the PA precursor catechin in T-oaks than in S-oaks [ 29].
Constitutive concentrations of S1P in most tissues are very low, but high nanomolar concentrations can be found in blood and lymph, creating a sharp circulation-tissue S1P gradient responsible for trafficking of immune cells from secondary lymphoid tissues to blood vessels (21).
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Finally, at very large values of D ˜, e.g. D ˜ = 5 · 10, the low constitutive concentration of the autoinducer increases due to the influx of molecules when no mRNA is present whereas the concentration of A that is internally produced decreases due to the efflux of molecules.
We found that the incidence of shoot blight varied by 10-fold among aspen genotypes, and was strongly and negatively correlated with constitutive foliar concentrations of condensed tannins.
The constitutive enzyme concentrations, π- and α-GST, peaked at 24 and 20 hours prior to the times SCr rose (T = 0), respectively, compared with the non-AKI patients (P = 0.006 and P = 0.0018).
The constitutive enzyme concentrations, π- and α-GST, both decreased but remained higher up until 8 hours after admission in the AKI compared to the non-AKI patients (P ≤ 0.048 and P ≤ 0.017 respectively).
An analogous situation may exist in pigs where animals with higher constitutive serum AGP concentrations are more susceptible to pro-inflammatory tissue damage due to infection, which may lead to reduced weight gain.
Finally, IL-22 treatment leads to reduction of constitutive serum insulin concentration in obese mice and restores insulin production in response to glucose provocation [ 4, 5, 10].
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