The government used an emergency constitutional clause to push the bill through the lower house of parliament without a vote.
"If things do get bad there is a constitutional provision for emergency rule," said Tariq Azim Khan, the minister of state for information, referring to the security situation.
At various points in the 20th and 21st centuries, during periods of domestic or foreign crisis, most constitutional regimes conferred emergency powers on the executive, suspending constitutional guarantees of individual rights or liberties or declaring some form of martial law.
Friday evening's vote by the Senate was a vital step in the government's reforms and came after three weeks of deliberations and the use of a controversial emergency constitutional measure to speed the bill through the upper house.
The charter ensures that ultimate power in the country remains with the 'Tatmadaw' as they are known in Burmese, who are guaranteed a substantial share of seats in parliament (enough to effectively veto any attempts at constitutional reform), sweeping emergency powers and the right to dismiss its appointed civilian government.
The government has used emergency constitutional powers to push through controversial labour law reforms, including a loosening of the maximum 35-hour working week and a cap on redundancy payments, avoiding a parliamentary vote it would almost certainly have lost – a move that has sparked even greater opposition.
Since the Socialist government forced the legislation through the lower house, the Assemblée Nationale, in May using emergency constitutional powers to avoid a vote that it would almost certainly have lost due to rebels in its own party, the street demonstrations have been increasingly violent.
After an extraordinary week in which France's Socialist government resorted to emergency constitutional powers to force through deeply divisive reforms to employment law – avoiding a parliamentary vote it would almost certainly have lost – the youthful movement whose protests have spread across France is debating its response.
The model quantifies constitutional indexes about emergency resource guarantee cost and rescue efficiency.
Even the constitution created ambivalence, recognising Montserrat's separateness, but maintaining the UK's constitutional power to invoke emergency orders and intervene directly in domestic affairs.
