As Oxford University demographer David Coleman writes, "Differences in expectations and values have challenged the receiving societies' politics, constitutions, schools, and community relations, especially when the robust traditional values of the newcomers encounter a weakened sense of identity on the part of the Europeans" [45].
A new constitution obliges schools to teach "Bolivarian principles".
In France, Europe's most adamantly secular nation, the constitution gives schools power to ban any religious symbol worn as an "act of pressure, provocation, proselytism or propaganda".
Bell now asks the high court: To what extent does the Constitution allow schools to punish students for things they say when they're not there?
Other states raising academic requirements must also now decide if their constitutions allow schools to be financed at levels too low for all students to succeed.
Also, he memorized the Constitution in high school.
Perhaps we should be looking at the educational system that fails to convey the contents or importance of the Constitution to high school students ("Our Battered Constitution," by Bob Herbert, column, Feb. 4).
For example, during the 1960s the Becker Amendment, which would have amended the Constitution to allow school prayer, met its demise in the Senate when a cadre of evangelicals from conservative denominations like the Missouri-Synod Lutheran Church and the Southern Baptist Convention testified before a subcommittee against the bill.
In that decision -- which also overturned a precedent -- the court held that it did not violate the Constitution for public schools to send teachers into parochial schools, under a federal program, to provide remedial classes.
"States and territories will always be free under our constitution to fund schools in their state or territory as they see fit," Birmingham said.
