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Adaptive evolution occurs when the genetic constitution of a population changes as a consequence of natural selection.
On evolutionary time scales, robustness to genetic change has an important consequence on the genetic constitution of a population: It allows mutations to accumulate that are not phenotypically visible, precisely because phenotypes are robust to such mutations.
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After touring collective farms around Vinnytsia, Ukraine, Bormann was concerned about the health and good physical constitution of the population, as he was concerned that they could constitute a danger to the regime.
There have been no industrial lead emissions in Trelleborg, and it is therefore considered to be a suitable control area, due to the similar constitution of the population to that in Landskrona.
Instead, we (1) report the frequency of pairings between first-order relatives (mother-son, father-daughter and brother-sister) as determined by field observations of parentage, and (2) use two types of genetic markers to examine changes in the genetic constitution of the population and relationships between fitness and individual genetic diversity.
Second, there is discordance between the genetic constitution and the prevailing leaf shape of a population; genetic clustering does not predict leaf shape genotype frequencies for populations.
Given that the Federal District was formed by a wide-ranging mixture of migrants from all regions of Brazil [ 48] its population tends to reflect the constitution of the Brazilian population better than those of other Brazilian regions.
Furthermore, the exposure of a large population to such a potent mutagen raised a question as to what extent the genetic constitution of the Japanese population might have been damaged.
In general, the greater the difference in allele frequencies between the resident and the migrant individuals, and the larger the number of migrants, the greater effect the migrants have in changing the genetic constitution of the resident population.
Since the constitution of the ethnic population, communication conditions, and interaction history of ethnic groups in different regions are diverse, understanding the local characteristics of ethnic intermarriage in different provinces and regions requires carrying out further investigation to determine specific factors.
(i) Under the assumption that selective processes have changed the genetic constitution of population Dp in the source habitat, Dp could be more resistant to the wastewater and show less DNA damage than Cl (hypothesis 2.1).
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