Since this measure is concerned with any connection between members, the directions of ties are ignored (either an out-tie or an in-tie constitutes a tie between two actors).
Thus, a clear statement is needed to alert the reader as to what constitutes a tie, the different types of ties (if appropriate), whether ties were valued (or binary), and whether the network was directed (or symmetrical).
Jian Wang says that the company has no official ties to the government, but it is not always easy to know what constitutes such a tie.
Do these ties constitute a conflict of interest, and could the money that flows to these corporations be used in better ways to patch Mr. Amicone's tattered budgets to benefit all the residents of Yonkers?
The Turkish energy minister, Berat Albayrak, has said that the downing of the Russian warplane does not constitute a threat to energy ties between the two countries.
The present findings also provide empirical support for the value of relying on participants' definition of what constitutes a strong or weak social tie.
Telling a commentator flogging a product online to disclose commercial ties does not constitute a challenge to free speech.
Our Facebook friends constitute a grouping to which we are tied by a loosely elective kinship.
Crowded House – still in black tie, which, for Finn, constituted a very purple suit – then performed Distant Sun from the band's 1993 album Together Alone.
(By contrast, a tie-up between Google and Yahoo! would constitute a worrying concentration of power).
It may be that like Macmillan, Iyer is interested only in the radiant and the exalted, and has little use for the murky past, for childhood traumas and repressed demons -- all the tangled private and social histories that constitute an individual self and tie it down to a particular place and time.
