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Although insect odorant receptors have seven transmembrane domains like G-protein coupled receptors, they have an inverted membrane topology, constituting a key difference between the olfactory systems of insects and other animals.
The receptors they encode play an essential role in olfaction, constituting a key initial element in a cascade of biochemical reactions that lead to odorant perception and recognition.
From now on, CPCs exist from the colline-level (the smallest administrative unit in Burundi) to the commune, then from the province to the national level, thus constituting a key building block in Burundi's nascent child protection system.
The large majority of N-nitroso compounds have been found to produce genotoxic effects and to cause tumor development in laboratory animals, as they are metabolized to reactive electrophilic species causing damage to various cellular constituents such as DNA, constituting a key event in the carcinogenic mechanism (Brambilla and Martelli 2007).
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"Economic inequalities are reaching record high levels and reducing them constitutes a key challenge to policymakers in the coming decades," said Chancel.
"Women constitute a key link in the chain of development," he said, adding that enhancing their overall well-being would advance Africa's progress.
By contrast, when the personal situations of many individual Americans are examined through European eyes, the extreme individualism that constitutes a key part of American optimism translates into an unacceptable social scandal.
These countries coincide closely with semi-arid and dry sub-humid hydroclimates, savannahs and steppe ecosystems, where rainfed agriculture is the dominating source of food, and where water constitutes a key limiting factor to crop growth.
Emotions constitute a key factor in human nature and behavior.
The results of this study constitute a key step towards improving space weather modelling and prediction.
Endogeneity constitutes a key concern in the relationship between external sanctions and audit quality.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com