Exact(6)
Critics argue that surrogacy, also known as "baby outsourcing," constitutes exploitation of women encouraged to provide wombs-for-rent.
The fracas over preserving the field's saintly aura centers on the question of how much interest and profit is acceptable, and what constitutes exploitation.
When combined with his questions during oral arguments June 2 in the case, his decision again shows a brilliant, if at times confounding, mind at work, both on whether corporations can be sued for human rights abuses and what constitutes exploitation of children.
In fact, talking about it too much constitutes exploitation and a creates a cover for repression and violence.
Nolen's criticism of the Majengo STD Cohort study arose during a period of intensive debate about the obligations of researchers from high-income countries (HIC) conducting research in low and middle-income countries (LMIC), about what constitutes exploitation under these circumstances, and what can be done to avoid it.
Decide for yourself what constitutes exploitation and how much you can or are prepared to take.
Similar(54)
This may constitute exploitation in the sense of Roemer or Steiner.
But the furore over whether it constitutes commercial exploitation of the Opera House or legitimate promotion of an event has marred the lead-up to the event.
"UNICEF is working with the tourism industry, with academics, with the government and with civil society to build awareness about what constitutes sexual exploitation, where it can be found and what can be done to stop it," says UNICEF Guatemala Child Protection Specialist Justo Solorzano.
The ruling yesterday, by an immigration board in Niagara Falls, Ontario, ordered Mr. Watson deported because the case constituted sexual exploitation under Canadian law.
To insist on performing such research on enhanced human/non-human chimeras, then, would be scientifically unjustified and would arguably constitute unethical exploitation of the chimera for the benefit of others.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com