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The functional relationship between apoptosis ('self-killing') and autophagy ('self-eating') is intricate and complex in the sense that, under certain situations, autophagy constitutes a stress adaptation that avoids cell death (and suppresses apoptosis), whereas in other extreme cellular scenarios, it represents an alternative cell-death pathway [36].
Furthermore, labor constitutes a stress situation, in which these factors may be altered.
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved self-digestion process and constitutes a stress adaptation that protects cells against death.
In addition, since labor constitutes a stress situation, therefore, heat shock proteins (Hsps), particularly Hsp70, could be increased in serum in the active labor phase (ActLP).
In E. coli, the CpxAR two-component pair constitutes a stress response system the main function of which is to sense and respond to cell envelope distress, principally misfolded periplasmic proteins, by activating genes encoding proteases and folding catalysts [ 35, 45, 46].
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Summing positive responses constituted a stress item score, which was then dichotomized into stressed and non-stressed.
For SW, there is no unified method on what would constitute a stress or accelerated test [40].
Even within Nigeria, there is a wide cultural variation of a stressor that will be significant enough to constitute a stress reaction (Sheikh et al. 2014).
Summing positive responses constituted a stress item score (range: 0 7), which was then grouped into two categories: 0 (n = 393) and ≥1 (n = 791) items positive in the present study.
All experiments performed in this study, therefore, appear to have induced a physiological challenge in these experimental subjects and the gene responses observed are very likely to constitute a stress response.
Together, LKB1, AMPK, and TSC2 constitute a stress-inducible pathway that normally counteracts PI3K/Akt signaling [15], [16].
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