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In "A Universe of Self-Replicating Code," a conversation published on the Web site Edge, Mr. Dyson says that the world's bank of digital information, growing at a rate of roughly five trillion bits a second, constitutes a parallel universe of numbers and codes and viruses with its own "physics" and "biology".
The author writes: "I began to see that the Florida tomato industry constitutes a parallel world unto itself, a place where many of the assumptions I had taken for granted about living in the United States are turned on their heads".
The Anti-Corruption Directorate, meanwhile, constitutes a "parallel state" according to ruling party statements.
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Erdoğan believes Gülenists in the judiciary and police constituted a "parallel state" that sought to overthrow him.
Two HRs mounted on the same cross-section of the duct constitute a parallel HR array.
These billions, officials cheerfully admit, constitute a parallel budget whose spending will be decided by the president alone.
Their charitable, self-sustaining network constituted a parallel welfare system that often surpassed the "free" government educational and health services in both quality and efficiency – hence the group's mobilising capacity.
If suburban bedroom communities represented 'white flight' from the city, suburban corporate campuses, estates, and office parks, visually appealing as they were, constituted a parallel middle-class flight from urban social diversity and the realities of industrial work.
Mr Erdogan has begun to weed out thousands of Gulenists thought to be embedded in the security services, government ministries and judiciary and who, in his words, constitute "a parallel state".
The polycations studied have N- alkylammonium ions, with ethylene moieties in the parent chain of the macro-ion, and N-alkyl-or-N acylammonium ions, with interspersed xylylene or 2,5-diacylthiophenylene linkages constituting a parallel track of positive nitrogen centres, in their respective molecular chain.
As a result, the Taliban and Al Qaeda now constitute a parallel government in parts of Pakistan.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com