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European Union Directive 2010/31/EU (EPBD Recast) has constituted the cost considerations into the energy performance calculations and put the Member States (MS) under the obligation that by the end of 2020, all new buildings should be designed and constructed as nearly zero energy buildings.
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He agreed to that, but wanted to know what constituted the "costs".
In all, 439 participants received at least 12 acupuncture treatment sessions and 3 months' follow-up, which constituted the cost-effectiveness analysis sample.
These extra payments constitute the cost of polygynous mating for men.
These economic advantages that need to be offered in polygynous marriage also constitute the cost of polygyny for men.
where E ε [ n ] 2 2 is the MSE when there is no Tx-noise, which constitutes the cost function that is minimized in the conventional MMSE design of THP.
These factors can be used to constitute the cost function for the adaptive hysteresis strategies of horizontal handover in homogeneous networks with similar approach to the concept of the cost function for the vertical handover decision strategies in heterogeneous networks [6, 12].
Costs incurred after randomisation constitute the cost outcome of interest in the trial.
The first term in (3) describes the expected revenue from selling usable units; the second part constitutes the costs which are incurred by the respective production quantity.
Strategies that are neither dominated nor extendedly dominated constitute the cost-effectiveness frontier, and the ICER is reported for these strategies compared with the next least effective strategy.
In other words, the increase (or decrease) in total costs per missed diagnosis (false positives and negatives) for the SEN group versus the HO group was calculated and constitutes the cost-effectiveness ratio.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com