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In the 2003 case McConnell v. Federal Election Commission, the Court had to assess the constitutionality of the 2002 McCain-Feingold campaign-finance law, and consider whether caps on campaign contributions, and restrictions on advertising, constituted infringements on the right to free speech, which is guaranteed by the First Amendment.
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First, "the patentee must show by clear and convincing evidence that the infringer acted despite an objectively high likelihood that its actions constituted infringement". Second, once the objective threshold has been reached, the patentee must show that the infringer knew or should have known about this high risk of infringement.
Defendant cites the testimony of one of plaintiff's witnesses in which he admits to continuous knowledge of Kinko's anthologizing since 1984 and his "general" perception that Kinko's copying constituted infringement.
For purposes of section 412, in the case of reliance parties, infringement shall be deemed to have commenced before registration when acts which would have constituted infringement had the restored work been subject to copyright were commenced before the date of restoration.
Discharges resulting from serious negligence also constitute infringements to the Directive, while that liability criterion does not exist in Marpol 73/78.
Here, Plaintiff has not shown that use of its service mark as a keyword constitutes infringement.
Courts have routinely found use of much smaller portions of copyrighted works to constitute infringement.
The bill, unlike the present law, contains a general statement of what constitutes infringement of copyright.
I must hold that sufficient publication of the outlines has been shown to constitute infringement.
Other critics of the suits contend that reposting material for the purposes of discussion does not constitute infringement.
For an unauthorized use of a copyrighted work to be actionable, the use must be significant enough to constitute infringement.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com