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In the late 18th century, when the events took place, women were considered to be the property of their husbands and the affair, her husband claimed, constituted damage to something he owned in law.
Land can be damaged, as in Henderson and Batley (1984), where the defendants had dumped rubble on a development site which cost a substantial sum to clear; it was held that this constituted damage to the land.
He was found guilty on two counts of negligence: one of failing to ensure that properly constituted damage control parties had remained on board after the general evacuation, and one of failing to ensure the ship was in a sufficient state of readiness to deal with possible damage.
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Another point of dispute is what constitutes damage; the study measured leakage from the car cylinders when the piston compressed the air and fuel mixture, just prior to combustion.
The blanket would have been reusable when dry. Cleaning up a wet cell floor did not constitute damage to the cell itself.
It is sufficient that any damage be merely temporary: in Cox v. Riley (1986), the deletion of the program from a computer-controlled machine, rendering it unusable, was held to constitute damage.
The league will hold a hearing tomorrow, during which Commissioner Paul Tagliabue will determine the validity of the contract that Tampa Bay said Parcells signed and determine if his signing by Dallas constitutes damages.
In turn, expanded notions of legitimate target and the right of self-defense introduce greater flexibility with regard to collateral damage – both in terms of who constitutes collateral damage and how much collateral damage is justified in the course of targeting a particular threat.
Whether any of these consequences constitute brain damage depends upon the definition of damage, which could range from enduring functional changes of single neurons or circuits, to actual cell death.
If the Sony Pictures hacking turns out to have been a North Korean attack, it will constitute commercial damage inflicted by a government because it apparently interprets a comedy film as "an act of war".
Bob Ayers, a security expert from the Chatham House think tank, said: "For a senior intelligence officer to leave this kind of material on a train constitutes criminal damage and he should be prosecuted".
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com