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His use of the flashback could constitute material for a colloquium on the subject (which everyone who thinks they are writing novels ought to be made to attend).
Published in scientific journal Scanning, researchers from Stockholm University wrote: "The ring may... constitute material evidence for direct interactions between Viking Age Scandinavia and the Islamic world.
So an important issue will be whether the S.E.C. can show that knowing the size of Goldman's trades in particular was sufficiently important on its own to constitute material nonpublic information to set up liability for insider trading.
In other words, Mr. Rajaratnam, like many who subscribe to the mosaic theory, contend that none of the individual bits of scuttlebutt they pick up constitute material insider information; the edge they get, they say, comes from putting it all together.
The S.E.C.'s challenge in pursuing its insider trading case against the Mindlins is showing that knowledge about Goldman's hedging transactions related was sufficiently important to constitute material information when the market already anticipated increased trading in the companies that comprise an index.
Failure to do so would constitute material non-disclosure on our part, which is a serious matter.
Similar(54)
So what constitutes "material" information?
In a report released yesterday by the S.E.C., Ms. Unger said the commission needed to define clearly what constitutes material information.
Figuring out what exactly constitutes material information is largely an exercise in futility because the Supreme Court has adopted a definition so vague that almost any tidbit about a company could fall within it.
In overturning the convictions of the two other traders, Todd Newman and Anthony Chiasson, the court derided the "doctrinal novelty" of Bharara's approach, and held that it is not enough to prove that someone traded on a tip that she should have known constituted material nonpublic information; instead, prosecutors need to prove that she was affirmatively aware of the dodgy provenance of the tip.
This decision was based on the fact that there is no consensus on what constitutes material deprivation [4], [23].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com