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In particular, the mere fact that certain sexual practices cause offense to some people who are aware of their occurrence does not constitute harm of any kind that would render legitimate the prohibition of those practices.
Second, some erotic art may also constitute harm.
Some have argued that the pornographic materials themselves constitute harm because, as a form of hate speech, they silence and subordinate women (MacKinnon 1987; Langton 1993, 2009; Maitra 2009).
Waiver of consent was approved by the IRB as the collection of urine samples is non-invasive and did not constitute harm to the patient.
On the other hand, the socioeconomic costs related to medical expenses, insurance costs, lost earnings and wages, unemployment compensation, and disability might constitute harm to society as a whole, extending beyond the individual who chose not to wear a helmet during a motorcycle crash.
Similar(55)
In our opinion this constitutes harm".
"I would hold that no expression of violent thoughts, online or offline, should be made criminal, even if it is repugnantly misogynistic, unless it takes the form of a credible threat that causes harm, or is harassment that constitutes harm," he said.
In discussing enforceable duties to give evidence or Samaritan aid, Mill claims that the failure to confer benefits constitutes harm.
So do we revise our oath to say, "Do no intentional harm?" The question of what constitutes harm has come to the fore recently in a number of ways.
Voluntary reporting methods are biased by differences in understanding what constitutes harm and a focus on serious events.
We will take a broad, inclusive, patient-oriented perspective when considering what constitutes harm to the patient.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com