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These changes constitute hallmarks of synovial cell activation and contribute to both chronic inflammation and hyperplasia.
In osteoarthritis (OA), the loss of proteoglycans, the mineralization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the hypertrophic differentiation of the chondrocytes constitute hallmarks of this disease [ 21].
Increase in IFN-γ IL-8, IL-9, IL-13 and IL-10 in both critical and non critical hospitalized patients compared to mild ones indicates that they constitute hallmarks of severe disease.
The sequence features (TSD, TT/AAAA cleavage sequence, and A-rich Alu tail) that are typically observed in newly inserted Alu elements constitute hallmarks of retrotransposition [ 5, 10, 36, 37].
As a whole, the results show that many of the cellular and metabolic features that constitute hallmarks of tumour cells confer sensitivity to acetic acid-induced PCD, potentially explaining why these cells are more susceptible to acetate than untransformed cells and reinforcing the interest of exploiting this process in the field of cancer therapy.
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These features constitute the hallmarks of shuffling gait in PD patients [ 26].
In such experimental design, we have evaluated the ability of RBV to induce apoptosis, alterations in cell morphology, release of TNF- α, NO production, and induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which constitute the hallmarks of activated microglia in vivo.
Endothelial dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis constitute a hallmark of hypercholesterolemia.
Strict form, antique subjects, and the pose of impassivity constitute their hallmark.
The divinely thin crusts baked in such ovens constitute the hallmark of the best wood-fired French pizza: crisp but not hard, delicate but not brittle, charred but not burned, flour-powdered but not dry.
PMNs are the first line of defense in the innate immune response to bacterial infection, and their activated phenotype may constitute a hallmark of infection [5].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com