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Do these hires constitute bribes?
It was based on a theory, which no one took seriously until now, that organizing agreements constitute bribes – illegal "things of value" – granted by employers to unions.
The New York Times » DealBook Column: Hiring the Connected Isn't Always a Scandal | In financial firms, does hiring the children of the elite constitute bribes?
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Although such payments were traditional and had been considered normal business practice, a court ruled that they constituted bribes.
The newspaper said the authorities were examining whether Mr Ajami made payments constituting bribes to persuade the Gaddafi-era Libyan Investment Authority to invest $300m £190mm) of the country's oil money with the hedge fund Och-Ziff.
When asked on Channel Seven if Asic should investigate the payment and whether it might constitute a bribe, the treasurer, Scott Morrison, responded "you are making a lot of assumptions, I am not going to do that this morning".
Today, Russell Gioiella, Mr. Spadoni's defense lawyer, said that it was true that Triumph managed the state's pension fund and made the campaign contribution and gave consulting contracts to two friends of Mr. Silvester but that those facts do not constitute a bribe.
Diack and Hayatou said the payments did not constitute a bribe, the IOC revealed in its decision.
The UK act wider in scope than the FCPA because it covers bribery of both public officials and private citizens, uses a more expansive definition of what constitutes a bribe and applies a strict liability standard for failing to prevent the payment of bribes by "associated persons". On the surface the act also appears to have a broader jurisdictional reach than the FCPA.
But prosecutors contended that Mr. Lazar's effort to help Mr. Shafran become a partner, with the knowledge that he would profit from the arrangement, constituted a bribe.
Deciding what constitutes a bribe and then whether you should pay one to do business in a foreign country -- knowing full well that if you don't, a less ethical competitor might -- can be the real quandary.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com