Organised workers are a powerful constituency for public policy that benefits the community generally, policies like minimum wages, public healthcare, good schools, pensions and progressive taxation.
For this reason, the president can, both theoretically and in practice, build a large constituency for his policy vision, despite constitutionally lacking the final say on matters of national security and foreign policy.
More than 6 in 10 of Maryland's uninsured are low- or middle-income people who are not eligible for Medicaid and other government health plans, and officials say these people are a natural constituency for a basic insurance policy.
It is well-known that public prison employee unions constitute a powerful constituency for tough sentencing policies that lead to larger prison populations requiring additional prisons and personnel.
The second political dynamic at play was that, despite all of the recent attention paid to issues of stopping Planned Parenthood and blocking refugees, the constituencies for these policies proved to be incredibly weak compared to the G.O.P.'s business wing, especially the American Petroleum Institute, which launched a fierce lobbying campaign to win the right to export American crude.
In particular, such rates are higher if program revenues are returned to firms in proportion to their market share, thus, creating a political constituency for continuing the carbon pricing policy.
Evaluation also serves associated goals including legitimizing investments, informing and educating key constituencies, and providing an ever-stronger evidence base for policy makers [ 8- 12].
This allows the early-adopter communities, which signed the U.S. Conference of Mayors agreement on a wing and a prayer, to substantially exceed their current carbon reduction goal while building the demand for local green economies and a constituency for the bold climate change policies needed.
"There is really no political constituency for competition," said Robert D. Reischauer, a health policy expert and a former director of the Congressional Budget Office.
Highly educated voters who are moderate on social policy but conservative on fiscal policy might be a natural constituency for Mr. Romney, and they were critical to his election as governor in Massachusetts in 2002.
