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While GDP per capita in constant terms almost quintupled in Western Europe between 1950 and 2008, it only doubled in Africa in the same period.
Constant terms.
where we have discarded unnecessary constant terms.
Constant terms are omitted Data source: ICPA database.
The last five variables are the duration dependent constant terms.
I take deviations from the mean to avoid constant terms and to simplify the notation.
The improvement is due to the integration of the projecomputationform in the importance density.
where ({mathcal {C}}_{1}) includes the constant terms that do not depend on wi,n.
where we have ignored constant terms that do not depend on data.
In a logical framework, the symbols are constants to represent predicates, functions, and constant terms in sentences.
Parameter estimates for the other explanatory variables and for the duration dependent constant terms are shown in the Appendix.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com