Sentence examples for constant substitution from inspiring English sources
Haase (2009) uses constant substitution patterns of the MNL to find a linear integer reformulation.
Hence, we are able to reduce the bias to the objective, which is due to constant substitution patterns of the MNL.
One outcome of the IIA is that the ratio of choice probabilities of two alternatives (i.e., facility locations) remains constant no matter whether other alternatives are available or not (constant substitution pattern).
Given the average substitution rate for grasses (5.9×10−9 substitutions per synonymous site per year) [26] [28] under the assumption of the neutral constant substitution process, the divergence at synonymous sites in the evolutionary time of 2×14 million years would be 16.5% between the rice genes and the hypothetical homologs in the grass branches from the most recent ancestors of the rice genus.
Under the assumption of a constant substitution rate, sequence divergence distributions are equivalent to age distributions.
Their assumption of constant substitution rates was reflected in the exponential time course of amelioration toward the equilibrium proportion.
Moreover, these additional positions are also a part of antigenic loops and hence are likely to undergo constant substitutions as a result of antigenic drift in the H2 viruses to escape antibody neutralization.
In addition, we observe an interesting pattern if we apply customer characteristics in an appropriate way: the ratio of the average choice probabilities (tilde{x}_{i'A}/tilde{x}_{i'C}) depends on the existence of facility location (B) (non-constant substitution pattern).
5 To increase potency and binding affinity of Fab-12 to VEGF-A molecules, five variable domain substitutions and one constant domain substitution of Fab-12 was engineered through a series of recombinant DNA and phage-display selection steps, resulting in Fab rhuFabV2 or ranibizumab which is around 100 times more potent than Fab-12.
Under the assumption of constant nucleotide substitution rates of 3.2% synonymous substitutions per synonymous sites per year and 1.1% total substitutions per site per year in the P1/capsid region [26], we estimated that the ages of the VP1 capsid recombinants were 38 120 days (from the Ks estimate) and 65 127 days (from the Kt estimate), respectively.
In the constant site substitution rate simulations, NN had mean topological FN of 0.56 and 0.90 for low and medium recombination respectively and 0.65 and 0.94 with heterogeneous substitution rates among sites.
