It's the suppleness of the back, or the constant undulation of the spine rising and falling, that gives the movement a gentle kaleidoscope affect.
The first results showed that the vertical vibration transmission was constant throughout the lumbar spine.
At such times, to prevent road rage and back spasms, the front seats in the vehicle come with an Active Comfort feature, meaning that the benches of the seats literally juggle your buttocks to keep your spine in constant flux.
Frequent postural change and awareness of trunk posture are recommended for relieving muscle fatigue and tissue strains due to constant loading of the spine.
This suggests that growth of new, larger synapses would be offset by loss of smaller, weaker synapses to keep spine number constant.
Therefore, we could attribute the constant loss of total spines to a diminished formation of new spines caused by tau transgene expression.
In the limited time available for revision we were unfortunately unable to re-optimize conditions for this experiment, but we note that several reports (e.g. Star et al., 2002, Nat Neurosci; Sharma et al., 2006, Mol. Cell. Neurosci; Zheng et al., 2010, J. Neurosci) have already demonstrated very rapid FRAP for cytosolic GFP in dendritic spines (time constant <1 sec; Star et al., 2002).
However, as a first-order estimate, we assumed a constant and uniform distribution of spines (i.e., 0.5 spines per 1-μm dendrite) for each cell type (Larkman and Mason 1990) and converted the 3D dendrite distribution into a 3D spine distribution (Fig. 3 D ).
Between 4 6 and 8 10 months of age, when the spine density remained constant, neither the persistent nor the transient spine density was altered (Fig. 2F1, 2F2, 2G1, 2G2).
