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For example, the Central Bank may adjust the interest rate (independent input variable) in order to keep the inflation constant (selected controlled variable).
For example, in order to optimize the wealth of a country (overall objective), the Central Bank may to attempt to keep the inflation constant (selected controlled variable) by adjusting the interest rate (independent input variable).
complex Gaussian with zero mean and the exponential power delay profile is given by the vector ρ= [ρ0 ⋯ ρL - 1] where, and is a constant selected such that.
for γ H(k) ≥ γ 0 and zero otherwise where σ 0 is a constant selected so that the average transmitted energy is Ē tx.
complex Gaussian with zero mean and the exponential power delay profile is given by the vector ν=[ν 0⋯ν L−1], where ν l =ζ e −l/2, and ζ is a constant selected such that ∑ l = 0 L − 1 ν l = 1.
complex Gaussian with zero mean and the exponential power delay profile is given by the vector ρ=[ρ0…ρL−1] where ρ l = C e − l / 2, and C is a constant selected such that ∑ l = 0 L − 1 ρ l = 1.
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Metamorphic buffer layers (MBLs) were used as substrates with lattice constants selected for designing and fabricating intersubband transition sources involving strained superlattices (SLs) such as Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs).
In this method, for each node v i with h input nodes, we considered the following model: (20) x i (t + 1 ) = x i (t ) + Δ t (a 0 i + ∑ j = 1 h a j i x i j + ∑ j < k a j, k i x i j (t ) x i k (t ) + b i ω ), where a j i s and a j, k i s are constants selected uniformly at random from [−0.5,0.5] and [−0.05,0.05], respectively.
In bacteria, a constant selective pressure selects for mutants harboring either higher mean with no noise increase or higher noise with similar mean (Ito et al. 2009).
The intron/exon splicing sites of the constant regions and the splicing sites between constant and selected variable exons in the anole protocadherin δ, α and γ subclusters were confirmed by RT-PCR using cDNA prepared from anole total brain RNA.
where the value of the constant is selected to define m(AB =V for a flat-spectrum source.
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