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This should be compared to previously published results, using constant pretreatment temperature (120°), where higher sodium hydroxide concentrations (2% or 4%) and longer pretreatment times were required to remove the lignin fraction from these bark samples efficiently [ 15].
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Nevertheless, the CI values obtained using the spectral subtraction (circles in Fig. 6b) remained mostly constant upon pretreatment.
The ash content remained constant following NaOH pretreatment and washing.
In Fig. 4 c, the stamp activation duration (while keeping a constant Si-wafer pretreatment) and its influence on the transfer yield is shown.
Microfiltration module comprising of ceramic membrane was used at constant pressure as a pretreatment step for the ED pilot scale unit operation.
It was indicated that the pH of recycling liquid decreased with the increasing of cycle numbers, which led to the constant enhancement of the pretreatment efficiency as approximately 60% hemicellulose and 50% lignin degradation as well as more than 80% cellulose reserved.
A careful analysis of the relationships between the pharmacokinetic parameters and the pretreatment biological constants has revealed several important features.
The dilute acid pretreatment used a constant temperature of 130°C for 7 min, 3.0 g sample, and 30 mL of a 1% sulfuric acid solution.
In so far as was possible, the scanning conditions were kept constant facilitating comparison of the pretreatment and intratreatment scans, that is, same acquisition protocol, reconstruction algorithm and uptake time (mean Δ t=3.9 min).
Based on previous studies pretreatment time was kept constant (5 min) while the variation range for temperature and acid concentration was centered at 175 °C and 1.25% (w/v) respectively.
The acid concentration at all pretreatment conditions was kept constant at 0.5% (w/w).
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