Topman said Acme Whistles' second-biggest cost (after labour) is patent litigation: the firm has a constant battle with competitors copying its product.
Although Nobel held the patents to dynamite and his other explosives, he was in constant conflict with competitors who stole his processes, a fact that forced him into protracted patent litigation on several occasions.
WHISTLER, British Columbia — As the Olympic sliding sports schedule moves from luge to skeleton to bobsled, a constant remains: The competitors will hurl themselves down the icy chute of the Whistler Sliding Centre, billed as the fastest track in the world, where a luge athlete from the Republic of Georgia was killed last week in a training crash.
Are your company's profits under constant assault by competitors?
They'll find other explanations for the team's constant understaffing, and competitors' more frequent innovations.
The concentration [P]free of the protein that remains free to bind the weak ligand can be derived from the definition of the dissociation constant KDstrong of the competitor: (7) where b= [P]0+[Lstrong]0+ KDstrong) and [Lstrong]0 is the total concentration of the competitor.
The molar ratio of PCR and competitor remains constant during the reaction, so the initial amount of target cDNA molecules can be calculated from the known number of competitor molecules added to the reaction as [(moles of target CD154 RNA) × (6 × 1023 molecules per mole) × (dilution factor of test RNA)]/ μg of total RNA).
Once a weak ligand has been identified and characterized by titration, it can be used as a "spy ligand" in competition experiments.[ 20] When stronger ligands are added, the lifetime TLLSobs of the spy ligand give information about the dissociation constant KDstrong of the competitor.
Fortunately, so-called "competition binding" experiments can be used to determine small dissociation constants KD of competitors that can displace weak "spy ligands" from the binding sites of target proteins.
By 2012, however, Google had become the subject of almost constant scrutiny from regulators, competitors and privacy advocates.
