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In a specific environment the process of obsidian hydration is theoretically described by the equation D = Kt1/2, in which D is thickness of the hydration rim, K is a constant characteristic of the environment, and t is the time since the surface examined was freshly exposed.
The law states that the rate of flow Q of a fluid through a porous layer of medium (e.g., a sand bed) is directly proportional to the area A of the layer and to the difference Δh between the fluid heads at the inlet and outlet faces of the layer and inversely proportional to the thickness L of the layer, or, expressed analytically, where K is a constant characteristic of the medium.
conference on creep and fracture in high-temperature components, London, September 2005] describes a creep model based on a constant "characteristic strain" at any temperature.
For example, the survival function, the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix, the existence of endemic equilibrium or the constant characteristic polynomial.
The constant characteristic of hardness is consistent with that of a single material; therefore, the hardness values at this stage could be regarded as film-only properties.
In the special case of linearly elastic material, the optimum junctions have piece-wise constant characteristic impedances with a certain number of plateaux of equal lengths.
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Although the form, content, and provisions for making books have varied widely during their long history, some constant characteristics may be identified.
Finally, matrix method is applied to this effective-index profile and the propagation constants are computed from the resonance peaks of the excitation efficiency versus propagation constant characteristics.
The Freundlich equation is expressed as [48]: log q_{text{e}} = log K_{text{F}} + frac{1}{n};log C_{text{e}}, (3)where k (mg g−1) and 1/n are the constant characteristics of the system [56, 58].
In the field of organic chemistry, functional groups have been defined as atoms or atom groups that show relatively constant characteristics even when connected to different structures [3].
However, constant characteristics of amino acids cannot reflect such changeable aspects.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com