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In order to improve seismic design technology of bridges, it is necessary to evaluate the vibration characteristics of a bridge soil system that consists of soil, foundation structure, pier and superstructure.
The model input consists of soil mechanical parameters like the internal angle of friction of the sediment and the coefficient of friction between the sediment material and the riser wall, and geometrical properties such as plug length and riser diameter.
The disease management of Fusarium wilt usually consists of soil fumigation, seed treatment, use of disease resistant varieties, and biological control bacteria to reduce infection and disease severity (Zhang et al. 2008).
Labile carbon mainly consists of soil microbial biomass carbon, dissolved organic matter, and easily oxidative organic matter, whereas the recalcitrant carbon usually refers to the component of SOM that is resistant to microbial decomposition or protected by mineral soil particles (Fang et al. 2005; von Lützow et al. 2007).
More than 6% of the world's land area consists of soil that is high in salinity, which is a critical agricultural problem that inhibits crop production worldwide [1].
The microbial communities inhabiting the root interior of healthy plants, as well as the rhizosphere, which consists of soil particles firmly attached to roots, engage in symbiotic associations with their host.
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Civil infrastructure interacts with soils, either as foundation materials or backfill, or consists of soils (e.g. dams, levees).
The bay rim consists of soils with coarse sand derived from the underlying deposits of probable Early Pleistocene age.
The original sample, consists of soils from the upper layer of the shear box, the lower layer of the shear box, and the shear zone.
The setup consisted of soil bin system and measurement system.
For Cu exposure, the control condition for all the treatments consisted of soil from a control area at Hygum site, which has a Cu background concentration of 15 mg/kg70.
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