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The remaining spectrum of the signal consists of noise.
We assume that the signal consists of noise only during a short initialization period, and the initial noise characteristics are learned.
Note that the numerator of (8) is the signal power at the desired user and the denominator consists of noise and interference to other users generated by the m th BS.
Since the PII technique assumes that the continuous seismic record mainly consists of noise coming from various directions, the estimation of noise ACF might be disturbed by the signal from swarm earthquakes; however, the change in ACF lasted longer than the periods of activity (Figs. 1(c), 2(b)).
In a, the noise consists of noise recorded in a moving car, in b the noise comes from a computer fan, in c the noise comes from a ventilation system and in d the noise is babble noise from approximately 10 speakers.
The audio piece consists of noise, the type they use as a production trick in Skrillex-style dubstep as fill-in when the bass rises and drops.
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Environmental noise consists of interference and additive noise, whose signal model is given by r i ( t n ) = ∑ q = 1 Q α q b q T i q ( t n ) + n ( t n ) (43).
It is known that most replicas obtained from possible candidate environment positions contain model errors because of inaccurate environment parameters, therefore replica vector p also is considered to consist of noise and uncorrupted signal, and the reduced noise of replica signal is defined as (9).
Undoubtedly, large portions of this user generated content mainly consist of noise with limited or no use to crisis responders, but some of the available information can also be used for detecting that an emergency event has taken place [1], understanding the scope of a crisis, or to find out details about a crisis [4].
Other regions that largely consisted of noise were excluded to produce more significant multivariate mapping.
The top three components comprising ≥95% of the CD signal were then selected for reconstitution for the final fit plotted in Figure 2. Inspection of difference spectra confirmed that additional components consist of noise.
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