In contrast, we observed TUNEL-positive cells in the epidermis and dermis 10 days after irradiation, consistent with radiation-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes and fibroblasts [12], [13].
Retrieval occurred only after irradiation, consistent with the intended function of the cross-linking modification (diazirine).
The expression of the Smad-2 pathway showed that there was only one peak within 3 days after irradiation, consistent with the change of TGF- β ligands and receptors in non-targeted lung tissues.
The p53 response gene CDKN1A showed a gradual increase in expression with a maximum at 4 hours after direct irradiation, consistent with the pattern observed in other cell lines [ 34].
In poplar, a MYB134 gene encoding a TT2-like TF was recently shown to be responsive to wounding, pathogen presence and UV-B irradiation, consistent with the biological roles of PAs in anti-herbivore, anti-pathogen and UV damage protection {Mellway, 2009 #82009
DNA synthesis was significantly increased in Fus1 KO cells compared with WT cells at 2 h post irradiation, consistent with the data shown in Figure 3. Pretreatment with PM before IR resulted in abrogation of cell division in WT cells and absence of increase in DNA synthesis in Fus1 KO cells compared with WT cells at 2 h after IR.
p-Smad2 levels were elevated at 24 h after treatment and maintained through 48 h before returning to basal levels at 72 h after irradiation, consistent with the induction of TGF- β and COX-2 in the non-targeted lung tissues.
The VMM39 melanoma cells remained adherent five days after gamma-irradiation, but all cells had lost adherence by five days after UV-irradiation, consistent with induction of apoptosis in the vast majority of tumor cells.
The remaining 19/32 transcripts showed the majority of loss beyond 48 hr post-irradiation, consistent with being late progeny markers.
While the damage accumulation and amorphization under Ar ion irradiation are consistent with previous observations and existing models, the damage accumulation under Ne irradiation reveals a quasi-saturation state at a fractional disorder of 0.54 at the damage peak for an ion fluence corresponding to a dose of 0.5 dpa; this is followed by further increases in disorder with increasing ion fluence.
