Although these models result in a phenotype consistent with disc degeneration, the homology with the human intervertebral disc degenerative process is questionable as there is little evidence that the nonspecific global chemolysis is the driving force behind human IVD degeneration [ 29, 30, 43].
His optic discs had a 'crowded' appearance which would have been consistent with discs 'at risk' of developing ischaemic optic neuropathy.
Note that even in the consistent case, discs may have an empty intersection during updating.
Further, IL-1ra knockout mice exhibit degenerative changes consistent with human disc degeneration [15].
Consistent with the disc data, we observed that surviving adults from flip-out UAS-TkvQD crosses displayed margin notching, confirming that reduction of target gene expression in larval imaginal discs results in wg loss of function adult phenotypes (Fig 3S, T).
Our rat tail MMP mRNA up-regulation paralleled degeneration, consistent with human disc findings [ 12- 19] 19].
In the present study only one dog out of 40 with neurologic recovery (2.5%) had recurrence of neurological signs consistent with thoracolumbar disc disease.
Three participants (3/61, 4.9%) had VCDR asymmetry of 0.2 or more, and one additional participant had an optic disc consistent with glaucoma (localised absence of neural rim, one eye only), giving an overall prevalence of 4/61 (6.6%, 95% CI 2.6%too 15.7%) for glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
