Early ethnographic sources (i.e., prior to 1970) overwhelmingly consist of trait lists and descriptions of technologies.
In this particular arms-race coevolutionary model, the relevant phenotypic interface consists of traits that increase the chance of infection (i.e., radicle length) and prevent or reduce the chance of infection (i.e., spine length).
The forth distinct cluster consisted of traits including greedy, lethargic, rich, political, selfish and money minded was dominated by F+.
We first created 100 resampled data sets consisting of trait and genotype values from 288 animals that are sampled at random from the original data with replacement.
Modules could consist of sets of traits that covary among individuals within a population and that coevolve.
As our trait matrix, consisting of morphological traits of tadpoles (Table 1), contained both categorical and continuous variables, we used Gower's distance.
The largest cluster on bin 4.04 only consisted of desiccation traits, whereas in the other clusters desiccation and growth traits were intermixed, which was expected due to the observed correlation between FW and DW at each DAP stage (Additional file 1).
Accordingly, previous studies reported a progressive increase for cardiovascular outcomes in those individuals diagnosed with MetS consisting of 5 traits compared to those diagnosed with MetS consisting of only 3 traits [ 13- 17].
Notably, some of the resulting modules consisted of multiple traits that are related to the same process, whereas others consisted of a collection of distinct traits.
Many adaptive phenotypes consist of combinations of simpler traits that act synergistically, such as morphological traits and the behaviors that use those traits.
