For the considered worst case of α 1 = … = α N c, to quantize the N c −1 PAs, the number of bit for quantizing each PA is b PA = B PA N c − 1. (32).
Also, as a first approximation, considering worst case scenario, we deem interference to be Gaussian and hence, interference can be treated as equivalent noise, and the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) takes the same value as SNR [21].
However, the loading approach used here may be considered worst case, as muscle forces in reverse shoulder arthroplasty patients have been reported to vary between 30 and 50% less than in anatomical arthroplasty patients due to a compromised rotator cuff [36].
Therefore these models may be considered "worst case" in terms of detection difficulty.
Rather, distinct constraint topologies are generated using spatially invariant probabilities that maximize local fluctuations to purposely consider worst case scenarios.
This can be considered worst case for the evaluation of potential effects of ingredients, because the cigarette nicotine content and thus the smoke yield of nicotine as the basis of the comparison automatically decreases with increasing ingredient applications levels.
For consumer exposure, a scenario in which a 3-year-old toddler is exposed daily to a fresh nanosilver-coated jumpsuit was considered worst case and formed the basis for risk characterization.
They are now more ready to consider worst-case scenarios – critics would say too ready.
It is assumed that, by employing suitable safety factors and considering worst-case-scenarios, reliable systems can be designed.
When the requirement of quality of service (QoS) is considered, worst-case-based beamforming techniques are proposed in[18, 21 24].
