Since we consider shattering in the WIM, it is reasonable to assume that the shattering duration (denoted as t) is determined by a timescale on which the ionization is maintained.
Indeed, Asano et al. (2013b) show that, unless we consider shattering, the grain size distribution is biased to large (a ~ 0.1 μm) sizes.
Indeed, Hirashita and Nozawa (2013) show that, unless we consider shattering, we underproduce the small grain abundance in the Milky Way (see also Asano et al., 2013b).
BTS is a measure of the maximum amount of weight, in grams, a single flower or grain can hold before releasing; values at or near zero grams (g) are considered highly shattering while values over 100 g represent non-shattering or hard threshing [ 8, 18, 21].
Consider that record shattered now.
A set is considered to be shattered by a collection of sets C if for each, there exists a set such that.
Based on the formulation developed by Hirashita and Yan (2009), Hirashita et al. (2010, hereafter H10) consider small grain production by shattering in the context of galaxy evolution.
H10 consider the evolution of grain size distribution through shattering by solving a shattering equation, which treats the grain-grain collision rate and the redistribution of shattered fragments in the grain size distribution.
Spring admits that many of them are "absolutely shattered" - hardly surprising considering that 125 matches have been interrupted by rain to date - but one problem he usually encounters, dragging his staff off Henman Hill when there is prolonged sunshine, has been eradicated.
Of these loci, sh4, which encodes a nuclear transcription factor, is considered the most important contributor to reduced shattering during rice domestication [ 23].
