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Dealing with missing values in e-CCC-Biclustering is straightforward and can be performed in two ways: 1. Considering missing values as valid errors.
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CFU counts recovered from mice were log-transformed and zero counts were considered missing values.
Sample values less than the limit of detection were considered missing values.
Among all variables we considered, missing values accounted for, on average, only 0.40% of data entries.
"I don't know" and similar answers were considered missing values and were replaced with an "expectation-maximization" algorithm [ 49].
In sensitivity analyses, we will consider missing values to be failures and construct bounds for the potential bias.
In order to minimise empty cells in the tables necessary for Kappa calculation, the scores "8-not applicable" and "9-unknown" were considered missing values.
As the ICF qualifiers "8 – not specified" and "9 – not applicable" cannot be integrated in the ordinal scale of the ICF qualifiers 0 to 4 and -4 to 4, respectively, they were deleted from the database and considered missing values.
In order to consider missing values as valid errors we modify e-CCC-Biclustering as follows: The initialization of Ext m in procedure computeRightMaximalBiclusters must include the symbol used for missing value, when e > 0, and ignore all edges descending from the root starting with this symbol, when e = 0.
Heterozygous individuals were considered missing value "U".
In this study, missing values in the SPMSQ were always considered incorrect answers.
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