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In an interview Friday Boris Chernyshev, a Russian member of parliament from far-right LDPR party, said politicians in Moscow were "unanimously" unconcerned about the allegations that Russia had interfered with the election because they considered them untrue.
Not only did I know this was wrong, but I also considered it untrue.
And he denied that he was setting out to provoke, saying instead that: "I can't say that the book is a provocation – if that means saying things I consider fundamentally untrue just to get on people's nerves.
Hoyle and Wickramasinghe also stated that the Archaeopteryx fossil finding is a forgery, a charge that the expert scientific community considers an untrue statement.
Much of John's later, negative reputation was established by two chroniclers writing after the king's death, Roger of Wendover and Matthew Paris, the latter claiming that John attempted conversion to Islam in exchange for military aid from the Almohad ruler Muhammad al-Nasir - a story which is considered to be untrue by modern historians.
Update: And now we learn that, according to White House staff, Kelly tried to get aides to pass along a version of his actions that they consider to be untrue.
Justice Powell's comment to one of his law clerks while Bowers v. Hardwick was pending in 1986 that "I don't believe I've ever met a homosexual" (untrue, considering that the clerk was, in fact, gay) could not be uttered in the court -- or the Washington or the legal profession -- of today.
Just as we obviously don't think that every sentence containing the word "phlogiston" is untrue (consider "Phlogiston doesn't exist" and "17th-century chemists believed in phlogiston"), nor does the moral error theorist hold that every sentence containing a moral term is untrue; indeed, the use of such terms is surely essential to articulating and advocating the error theory.
Lying to others may be defined as "any form of behavior the function of which is to provide others with false information or to deprive them of true information" (Smith 2004, 14), or as "a successful or unsuccessful deliberate attempt, without forewarning, to create in another a belief which the communicator considers to be untrue" (Vrij 2000, 6).
Swiftboating: American political jargon that is used as a strong pejorative description of some kind of attack that the speaker considers unfair or untrue -- for example, an ad hominem attack or a smear campaign.
Regarding victimisation, students indicated if in school they 'were often physically attacked (punched, kicked, pushed)?' or 'repeatedly had rumours spread that damaged their reputation' using a 4-point Likert (true, mostly true, mostly untrue, untrue) scale, with those who gave a 'true' or 'mostly true' response considered victims of physical or relational bullying.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com