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We thus define PMNZ as the minimum non-zero power threshold below which any lower power is considered to be null.
In the case where the RCA of i does not intersect with the UA of p, then IR,e i,p) is considered to be null by simply setting rINT,e i,p) = ∞.
By letting the i th RCA be the radio coverage area of the i th transmitting SN, which is actually its transmission beam, rMNZ (i) is in fact the radius of the circular sector representing it, such that the interference from i is considered to be null outside its RCA.
Following a significant result of Friedman test, frequency of down-regulated vs upregulated genes were calculated; |log2 fold change| lower than or equal to 0.05 were considered to be null.
Similar(55)
Messenger RNA levels are expressed relative to murine embryo fibroblasts (Mefs), considered to be a null or a typical differentiated cell that has minimal Nanog expression [56].
Since this mutant is not stably expressed, does not interact with XRCC4, and does not enter the nucleus, it is considered to be a null mutant.
Because the vast majority of markers will behave neutrally, this distribution can be considered to be a null model for selection.
Cells staining positively for both anti-β-GAL antibodies (indicating presence of the Chd4 gene-trap allele) and for anti-CHD4 antibodies were deemed to be heterozygous, whereas β-GAL+, CHD4− cells were considered to be Chd4 null.
Although ry and ry are considered to be genetically null when homozygous flies are compared with hemizygous flies, these alleles complement one another for eye color (Gelbart et al. 1976).
Smchd1 MommeD1 is considered to be a null mutation, as homozygous embryos exhibit 5-fold less mRNA than wild-type littermates at 10.5 days p.c. Homozygous mutant females have placental defects and display hypomethylation at X-linked genes that are normally subject to X-inactivation.
The six screened FLG null mutations were considered to be a single null allele for the purposes of this analysis; the rationale for this approach is based on biochemical and immunohistochemical evidence that each null mutation produces truncated forms of profilaggrin which result in a marked reduction or absence of processed filaggrin when present in the homozygote or compound heterozygote state.
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