80 82 When considering supernumerary teeth, the most common example is the mesiodens which occurs in the anterior midline region of the maxilla.
The small extra chromosomes observed were usually considered as supernumerary chromosomes or conditionally dispensable chromosomes (CDC), and were often associated with virulence [ 20].
The panel considered that if the supernumerary pilot had occupied the co-pilot seat, and if the captain had called for fuel cross-feed to be turned ON to deal with a fuel pressure problem in one engine, it was possible the supernumerary pilot's lack of familiarity with the DC-3 cockpit caused him to inadvertently engage the automatic pilot.
In the De Ceremoniis, the heavy dromōn is said to have an even larger crew of 230 rowers and 70 marines; naval historian John H. Pryor considers them as supernumerary crews being carried aboard, while the Greek scholar Christos Makrypoulias suggests that the extra men correspond to a second rower on each of the upper-bank oars.
The presence of supernumerary centrosomes was considered whenever the centrosome number was ≥3 in at least 5% of the cells.
The supernumerary subunits of CI were considered to stabilize CI and facilitate CI assembly.
Under some circumstances, the induction of skeletal variations such as supernumerary and wavy ribs is considered the result of maternal toxicity or stress rather than a direct toxic effect on the conceptus [ 32].
Despite the fact that both terms imply the presence of extra centrosomes, we considered centrosome clustering when centrosomes could be microscopically observed as abnormally-shaped or large centrosomes and supernumerary centrosomes when they were observed individually.
This condition is a paradigm of human aneuploid disorders with supernumerary copies of a chromosome and could be considered as a prototype of the 'disorders of the genome'.
Before cryopreservation, all patients at the IVF centre at the first affiliated hospital of Nanchang University signed a form allowing medical staff to freeze and store their supernumerary embryos (if the quality of these embryos was considered sufficient for cryopreservation).
This raises the question as to how tumour cells survive with supernumerary centrosomes, considering that multipolar cell division is expected to cause catastrophic missegregation of chromosomes, and consequently cell death.
