The effect of Cu2+ on the RGOS-based electrical circuit can be considered to subtract the effect of DI water from Cu2+ solutions with different concentrations [23].
A block effect was also considered by subtracting the median value of the block.
Internal contributions in MACE information for sires with internal and external daughters were considered by subtracting the number of internal DE from the total and by using internal EBV instead of parent averages from EBVMACE to compute external DRP.
The number of non-infected rat PMN with positive NBT granules was considered as background and subtracted from the total number of infected cells presenting positive granules.
The bottom 10th percentile was considered background, and was subtracted from all the other values.
Since we studied intramuscular motion during contraction of skeletal muscle myofibrils, all rigor fluctuations were considered as 'background' and subtracted from the contraction data.
To see this, consider that in subtracting 0.999... from 9.999..., each of the digits after the decimal separator cancels, i.e. the result is 9 − 9 = 0 for each such digit.
Finally, we can compute the mutual information between MSA site j and PWM site k using Formula 3. Since H (X, Y) is the uncertainty of the two sites that persists even when we consider them together, subtracting it from H (X) + H (Y) gives the uncertainty that is eliminated by considering the two sites together.
That much was clear when City revealed annual turnover up by almost £40m at £271m for 2012-13 on Wednesday, reducing losses to around the £50m mark, which – with Uefa allowing pre-2010 wages to be subtracted – was always considered enough to see them through.
The forecasted figure is compared to the student's actual scores, and the difference is considered the "value added," or subtracted, by the teachers.
