Exact(4)
The high cost per unit of reduction increases further if the overlap with other technologies is considered (substitution of old heating systems by more efficient ones, for example).
As demonstrated in Table 1, there are some papers which dealt with the problem of (R, Q) inventory in stochastic environment; however, only some of them considered substitution flexibility.
4 We have not explicitly considered substitution of drinks with food items.
We considered substitution rates previously estimated from our intron and mitochondrial mammalian trees as mutation rates to be used in the species tree, under the assumption that the markers are neutral and selection did not significantly affect them [ 17, 18].
Similar(56)
Every kind of error should be considered (substitutions, insertions and deletions) in the definition of a cost function.
Some of the considered substitutions mapped at the terminal parts of the LRR domain are of particular interest since they modify conserved cysteine residues flanking the LRR repeats forming disulfide bonds (Figure 2).
This study does not consider substitution among energy resources such as electricity, city gas, and kerosene.
The economic interpretation of the ordinal RAS procedure is that a matrix of intermediate transactions is adjusted to consider substitution and fabrication effects8.
For future studies, this research can be extended by considering substitution stock control system for more than two products with different substitution relations, this may increase complexity of the problem but the model would become more realistic.
Hence, in this work, we only consider substitution error type and adopt 0.1% error rate, even though which may change slightly as sequencing technology develops.
In summary, considering substitution possibilities, and even including labor compensation, it is extremely difficult to drive the cost of air travel restrictions beyond 1% of the U.S. GNP per annum.
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